Courses & Syllabus

Courses to be offered in
Postgraduate Diploma in Information and Communication Technology (PGD-in-ICT)

Summary
Courses	Credits
Group A (Compulsory Courses)   5 courses x 3 credits	15
Group B (Optional Courses)         7 courses x 3 credits	21
Group C (Project)	6
Total Credits	42

Group A (Compulsory courses)
Course No.	Course Name	Credits
ICT6001	ICT Fundamentals	3
ICT6002	Structured Programming	3
ICT6003	Data Structure and Algorithm	3
ICT6004	Database Management System	3
ICT6005	Object-Oriented Programming	3

Group B (Optional Courses) Any seven from the following courses
Course No.	Course Name	Credits
ICT6006	Mobile Application Development	3
ICT6007	Computer Networks	3
ICT6008	Information System Analysis and Design	3
ICT6009	Computer Organization and Architecture	3
ICT6010	Software Engineering and Application Development	3
ICT6011	Data Science	3
ICT6012	Business System Engineering	3
ICT6013	Advanced Networking	3
ICT6014	Web and Internet Programming	3
ICT6015	Interactive Multi-Media Design and Development	3
ICT6016	Client Server Technologies and Distributed Database	3
ICT6017	Network Administration	3
ICT6018	Visual Programming and .net technology	3
ICT6019	Operating Systems	3
ICT6020	Computer Aided Design	3
ICT6021	Machine Learning	3
ICT6022	Advanced Database Administration	3
ICT6023	Digital Logic Design	3
ICT6024	Embedded System	3
ICT6025	Digital Communication	3
ICT6026	Digital Image Processing	3
ICT6027	Big Data Analysis	3
ICT6028	Mobile Communications	3
ICT6029	e-Commerce and e-Governance	3
ICT6030	Cyber Security and the Internet of Things	3
ICT6031	GIS and Remote Sensing	3

Group C (Project)
Course No.	Course Name	Credits
ICT6000	Project Work and Report	6

Detail Syllabus for
Postgraduate Diploma in Information and Communication Technology (PGD-in-ICT)

ICT6001

ICT Fundamentals

3 Credits

Fundamentals of ICT. Applications, impact and effects of ICT. Computer fundamentals: history, types, organization, storage & I/O devices, software, operating system, programming language, memories, number systems, boolean algebra, computer network, data communication, video communication. Internet: browsers and search engines, email and digital communications, collaborative computing and social networking, IT security and other issues. Digital content development, multimedia design and development, drawing Animation MS-Office with MSWORD, MS-EXCEL, MS-POWER POINT and MS-ACCESS etc.

ICT6002

Structured Programming

3 Credits

Structured programming language: data types, operators, expressions, control structures; Functions and program structure: parameter passing conventions, scope rules and storage classes, recursion; Header files; Preprocessor; Pointers and arrays; Strings; Multidimensional array; User defined data types: structures, unions, enumerations; Input and Output: standard input and output, formatted input and output, file access; Variable length argument list; Command line parameters; Error Handling; Graphics; Linking; Library functions. Reference language: C.

ICT6003

Data Structure and Algorithm

3 Credits

Introduction to elementary data structures: arrays, records, linked lists, stacks, queues, trees; Complexity analysis of algorithms; Basic search and traversal techniques; Sorting algorithms; Methods for the design of efficient algorithms: recursion, divide and conquer, greedy method, dynamic programming; Graph algorithms; etc.

ICT6004

Database Management System

3 Credits

Introduction to Database; Data Models and ER Models; Functional Dependencies, Normalization and Normal Forms, Relational Algebra and Calculus, Relational Model, Database Design and Implementation, Database Development using SQL Server, SQL: DDI, DML, DCL; Indexing, Query Development: Basic SELECT, Functions, Sub-Queries and Joins; Procedural Language Extensions of SQL; Data Integrity; Transaction Concurrency Control and Recovery Management.

ICT6005

Object-Oriented Programming

3 Credits

Introduction: Object oriented programming overview. Object Oriented Concepts: Modeling problems using object oriented concepts. Introduction to UML. Encapsulation, Inheritance and Polymorphism. Object Oriented vs. Procedural programming, Basics of Object Oriented Programming language. Objects and Classes: Attributes and functions, constructors and destructors, functions or methods, overloading methods, access control, special considerations in different Languages. I/O: Stream and files. Inheritance: Inheriting classes, subclass, superclass, access control, inheritance hierarchy, overriding, dynamic binding, abstract class, inner classes, special considerations in different languages, multiple inheritance, interface. Exception and exception handling: Exception handling fundamentals, exception types, chained exception, creating own exception subclasses. Generics or Templates: Special considerations in different languages. Package/Namespace: Understanding and implementing package/namespace. Object-oriented Design Principles and examples: Introduction to object-oriented design principles and examples, introduction to object-oriented design. Case Study using Object Oriented Programming.

ICT6006

Mobile Application Development

3 Credits

Basic application, UI controls design, Web communication, Application deployment, Publishing an application. Updating apps, Version control, Popular market OS app development, App commercialization. Introduction to Mobile Computing. Introduction to  Android Development Environment. Factors in Developing Mobile Applications, Mobile Software Engineering, Frameworks and Tools. Generic UI Development: Android User. More on UIs: VUIs and Mobile Apps, Text-to-Speech Techniques, Designing the Right UI, Multichannel and Multimodal UIs. Intents and Services: Android Intents and Services, Characteristics of Mobile Applications, Successful Mobile Development. Storing and Retrieving Data: Synchronization and Replication of Mobile Data, Getting the Model Right, Android Storing and Retrieving Data, Working with a Content Provider. Communications Via Network and the Web: State Machine, Correct Communications Model, Android Networking and Web. Telephony: Deciding Scope of an App, Wireless Connectivity and Mobile Apps, Android Telephony. Notifications and Alarms: Performance, Performance and Memory Management, Android Notifications and Alarms. Graphics: Performance and Multithreading, Graphics and UI Performance, Android Graphics. Multimedia: Mobile Agents and Peer-to-Peer Architecture, Android Multimedia. Location: Mobility and Location Based Services, Packaging and Deploying, Performance Best Practices, Android Field Service App. Security and Hacking: Active Transactions, Hacking Android. Platforms and Additional Issues: Development Process, Architecture, Design, Technology Selection, Mobile App Development Hurdles, Testing.

ICT6007

Computer Networks

3 Credits

Overview of LAN concepts, media, collision and broadcast; MAC address; Token ring, Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI), Ethernet and Carrier Sense Multiple Access Collision Detect (CSMA/CD), IEEE 802.3., LAN topology; Network layer: internet-working, routing, IPv4 and IPv6 addressing, subnetting, VLSM, NATPAT, ACL,ARP and RARP, DHCP, RIP, IGRP and EIGRP, OSPF; Upper layers of OSI model; Wireless LAN: Ad hoc, infrastructure networks; WAN services: analog dial-up, ISDN dial-up, dedicated leased line, X.25, frame relay, ATM; IEEE802.11: physical layer, framing, multiple access techniques, bluetooth, IEEE 802.15; Broadband wireless: Wireless ATM, 802.16; local multipoint distribution service (LMDS), Multichannel Multipoint Distribution System (MMDS); Network protocols: mobile IP, cellular IP, mobile Ad hoc networking.

ICT6008

Information System Analysis and Design

3 Credits

Different Types of Information; Attributes of Information; Roles, Tasks and Attributes of a system Analyst; Sources of Information; Information Gathering Techniques; Handling of Missing Information; Steps of System Analysis; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Design of an information System; Network Models for Project Time Estimation; Estimation of Confidence Levels; Simplex Method for Minimization of Project Time; Project Effort Analysis Methods; Designing of Inputs and Outputs; Project Team Organization; Database and Files Design; Project Management and Documentation; Analysis of System Maintenance and Upgrading; Ethics and Privacy; Control and Security.

ICT6009

Computer Organization and Architecture

3 Credits

Introduction to Microprocessors: architecture, addressing modes, instruction set, interrupts, memory interface, bus interface; Peripheral chips and their application; Arithmetic  Logic Unit design; Control Unit design: Hardwired and Micro-programmed; Memory organization; Direct Memory Access; Pipelined architecture and pipeline control; Multiprocessors and relevant issues.

ICT6010

Software Engineering and Application Development

3 Credits

Software Engineering Paradigms; Different Software Design Methodologies Different Software Complexity Models; Graphical Analysis of Complexity Measures; Memory Requirement Analysis; Processing Time Analysis; Testing Philosophy and Methods; Software Reliability and Availability; Quality Measure and Assurance; Software Maintenance; Development of an Application Using Software Engineering Concepts.

ICT6011

Data Science

3 Credits

Introduction to Data Science: Big Data and Data Science hype, Datafication, Current landscape of perspectives. Statistical Inference: Populations and samples, Statistical modeling, probability distributions, fitting a model, Intro to R. Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA) and the Data Science Process: Basic tools (plots, graphs and summary statistics) of EDA, Philosophy of EDA, The Data Science Process, Basic Machine Learning Algorithms and Usage in Applications: Linear Regression, k-Nearest Neighbors (k-NN), k-means, Naive Bayes. Feature Generation and Feature Selection, Feature Selection algorithms. Recommendation Systems: Building a User-Facing Data Product, Algorithmic ingredients of a Recommendation Engine. Mining Social-Network Graphs:  Social networks as graphs, Clustering of graphs, Direct discovery of communities in graphs, Partitioning of graphs, Neighborhood properties in graphs. Data Visualization: Basic principles, ideas and tools for data visualization. Data Science and Ethical Issues: privacy, security, ethics.

ICT6012

Business System Engineering

3 Credits

Systems concept: Definition, Systems Approach, General system model, Organizational and Natural Environments; Elements of Business Systems Engineering; Business system Engineering model and a generic business enterprise model; Planning and Development: Management of business functions, Organizational structures, Financial Planning. Project Management: PERT and CPM. Information and communications: MIS, Information for Management and control, Uses of financial information.

Strategic systems: Strategic planning, strategic Information systems, business process re-engineering. Business system in society: Ecology, Environment and Business, Business and the consumer, Business and World market. Emergence of modern concept of quality, Total Quality Management (TQM), Quality standards and their compliance, ISO 9000 and ISO 14000. Applications of Business Systems Engineering: Importance of effective business communication, Case Studies, Project conceptualization and modeling, Report Writing, Presentation.

ICT6013

Advanced Networking

3 Credits

WAN Technologies: X.25, ATM, Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN), DSL, Frame Relay; End-to-End Protocols: User Data Protocol (UDP), Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), Remote Procedure Call (RPC); Routing Protocols; Routing Information Protocol (RIP), Interior Gateway routing Protocol (IGRP), Extended Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP), Open Shortest Path First (OSPF); End-to-End Data: Presentation Formatting, Data Compression-JPEG, MPEG, MP3; Congestion control and resource allocation, Queuing discipline, congestion avoidance mechanism, Quality of Service.

ICT6014

Web and Internet Programming

3 Credits

Website Basics: HTML 5, CSS 3, WEB 2.0: Web 2.0: Basics-RIA Rich Internet Applications – Collaborations tools – Understanding websites and web servers: Understanding Internet – Difference between websites and web server- Internet technologies Overview –Understanding the difference between internet and intranet; HTML and CSS: HTML 5.0 , XHTML, CSS 3. Client side and server side programming: Java Script: An introduction to JavaScript- JavaScript DOM Model-Date and Objects,-Regular Expressions- Exception Handling-Validation-Built-in objects-Event Handling- DHTML with JavaScript. Servlets: Java Servlet Architecture- Servlet Life Cycle- Form GET and POST actions- Session Handling- Understanding Cookies- Installing and Configuring Apache Tomcat Web Server;- database connectivity: JDBC perspectives, JDBC program example – JSP: Understanding Java Server Pages-JSP Standard Tag Library(JSTL)-Creating HTML forms by embedding JSP code. PHP and XML: An introduction to PHP: PHP- Using PHP- Variables- Program control- Built-in functions-Connecting to Database – Using Cookies-Regular Expressions; XML: Basic XML- Document Type Definition- XML Schema DOM and Presenting XML, XML Parsers and Validation, XSL and XSLT Transformation, News Feed (RSS and ATOM). Introduction to AJAX and Web Services: AJAX: Ajax Client Server Architecture-XML Http, Request Object-Call Back Methods; Web Services: Introduction- Java web services Basics – Creating, Publishing, Testing and Describing a Web services (WSDL)-Consuming a web service, Database Driven web service from an application – SOAP.

ICT6015

Interactive Multi-Media Design and Development

3 Credits

Introduction to multimedia — Image, Sound, Video formats and their different properties, compression, playing and recording techniques, conversions between different formats and their combinations, Multimedia authoring.

Drawing: Basic Image properties and how to set/change them in PhotoShop, Concept of layers, Color concepts, text, texture, brightness, contrast, filters and effects, PhotoShop Print Production, PhotoShop Web Production, Introduction to Macro-media Director, Illustrator and Premier. Animation creating software (Media studio/Video studio etc), its use, facts to concern while marketing.

ICT6016

Client Server Technologies and Distributed Database

3 Credits

Fundamentals of Client Server Systems, Components of Client Server Systems, Architechure; Server, Network and Client Operating System Interactions, Middleware: Components, DCE, RPC, and CORBA. Oracle Architecture; Storage Management; Security and User Management; Backup and Recovery; Performance Tuning and Net8 administration.  Distributed System Architecture, Distributed Database: Concepts, Managements, and Application Development.

ICT6017

Network Administration

3 Credits

Network architectures, heterogeneous systems, authentication and security, network services including firewalls, storage services, performance analysis and tuning, management and configuration of services and system resources, system initialization, drivers, cross-platform services, policies and procedures. Installation of windows server, usage and administration windows server in a domain environment, creation users and groups and management of each in a domain and local environment, setting up and maintenance of shared file system resources, implementation and administration network printing, administration of disk storage. Secure Windows Server. Store, retrieve, evaluate, and synthesize information using technology tools.

ICT6018

Visual Programming and . net technology

3 Credits

Concept of windows applications, Object Oriented and Event Driven programming; Objects, Controls, Events and Methods; Visual programming basics; Control array and menus; Procedures and Functions; working with ActiveX controls and Database fields; Dynamic link libraries, Object linking and embedding; Creating and updating database with SQL and MySQL.

ICT6019

Operating Systems

3 Credits

Operating System: Its Role in Computer Systems; Process: Model and Implementation, Inter process Communication; CPU Scheduling, Memory Management, Virtual Memory, File System, Protection and Security.

Introduction to UNIX, UNIX Kernel, UNIX Commands, Services, Device Structure, Memory Structure, Process and Jobs, File System and File Management, vi and emacs editor Shell Programming.

ICT6020

Computer Aided Design

3 Credits

Introduction to computer Graphics: Definitions, Classification, Architecture of interactive computer Graphics, Applications Display & Interactive devices; Basic concepts of CAD; Graphics programming; mechanical drafting package; Advanced modeling techniques, Surface modeling, Solid modeling; CAD data base development and data base management systems; 2D: Representation and Transformation of Points, Transformation of Lines, Rotation, Reflection, Scaling and combined transformations; 3D: Scaling, Shearing, Rotation, Reflection, Translation, Projections parametric representation of Ellipse, Parabola, Hyperbola; Rendering, Animations, Multimedia, Picture, Sound, Video, Tools of Multimedia, CAM.

ICT6021

Machine Learning

3 Credits

Supervised and Unsupervised Learning, issues in machine learning: parametric and nonparametric models, curse of dimensionality, overfitting, and model selection. Linear Models for Regression: Maximum Likelihood and least squares, regularized least squares, Bias variance decomposition, Bayesian linear regression. Linear Models for classification: Fisher’s linear discriminant, probabilistic generative models -parametric (maximum likelihood and Bayesian) and nonparametric density estimation. Probabilistic discriminative models: logistic regression, log-linear models, Kernel methods and Sparse Kernel Machines. Clustering, mixture models and Expectation Maximization algorithm. Sequential data and Markov models.

ICT6022

Advanced Database Administration

3 Credits

Database administration skills covering installation, configuration and tuning a database, administering servers and server groups, managing and optimizing schemas, tables, indexes, and views, creating logins, configuring permissions, assigning roles and performing other essential security tasks, backup and recovery strategies, automation and maintenance.

ICT6023

Digital Logic Design

3 Credits

Digital logic: Boolean algebra, De Morgan’s Theorems, logic gates and their truth tables, canonical forms, combinational logic circuits, minimization techniques; Arithmetic and data handling logic circuits, decoders and encoders, multiplexers and demultiplexers; Combinational Circuit design; Flip-flops; race around problems; Counters: asynchronous and synchronous counters and their applications; Asynchronous and synchronous logic design: State diagram, Mealy and Moore machines; State minimizations and assignments; Pulse mode logic; Fundamental mode design; PLA design; Design using MSI and LSI components.

ICT6024

Embedded System

3 Credits

Concepts, classifications; Characteristics; Requirements; Introduction to embedded system design process, Unified Modeling Language (UML); Embedded microcontroller cores; Embedded memories; Technological aspects; Interfacing between analog and digital blocks; Signal conditioning, digital signal processing, sub-system interfacing; Interfacing with external systems, user interfacing; Design trade-offs, thermal considerations; Networked embedded systems: the I2C bus, the CAN bus, the FlexRay; Example of applications.

ICT6025

Digital Communication

3 Credits

Overview of different types of communication networks and their architecture; A/D conversion; GIF, JPEG, PNG; Audio coding for fixed telephone network and speech coding for mobile communications; Image and video coding: JPEG and MPEG; Channel coding: scrambling, convolution coding, cyclic redundancy checks, scrambling and interleaving; Modulation schemes: ASK, PSK, FSK, and GMSK. Modulation for local access: ADSL, DSL; Multiple access technologies, high speed PSTN access technology; Routing strategies, numbering schemes, Switching techniques: space switching, store and forward switching; Routing strategies; Numbering schemes; VSAT and satellite communication; Audio and video conferencing technique, Cable and satellite TV networks, HDTV transmission.

ICT6026

Digital Image Processing

3 Credits

Introduction and Fundamental to Digital Image Processing: What is Digital Image Processing, Origin of Digital Image Processing, Examples that use Digital Image Processing, Fundamental steps in Digital Image Processing, Components of Digital Image Processing System, Image sensing and acquisition, Image sampling, quantization and representation, Basic relationship between pixels. Image Enhancement in the Spatial Domain & Frequency domain: Background, Basic gray level transformation, Histogram processing, Basics of spatial filtering, Smoothing and Sharpening Spatial filters, Introduction to Fourier Transform and the Frequency Domain, Discrete Fourier Transform. Smoothing and Sharpening Frequency-Domain filters. Image Restoration: Image Degradation/Restoration Process, Noise models, Restoration in presence of noise, Inverse Filtering, Minimum Mean Square Filtering, Geometric mean filter, Geometric transformations. Color Image Processing: Color Fundamentals, Color models, Basis of full color image processing, Color transformations. Image Compression: Fundamentals, Image compression models, Error free compression, Lossy compression. Morphological image processing: Preliminaries, Dilations and Erosion, opening and closing, Some basic morphological algorithms. Image Segmentation: Detection of Discontinuities, Edge linking and boundary detection, Thresholding, Region oriented segmentation. Representation, Description and Recognition: Representation-chain codes, polygonal approximation and skeletons, Boundary descriptors-simple descriptors, shape numbers, Regional descriptors- simple, topological descriptors, Pattern and Pattern classes-Recognition based on matching techniques.

ICT6027

Big Data Analysis

3 Credits

Big Data introduction :- Big data: definition and taxonomy – Big data value for the enterprise – Setting up the demo environment – First steps with the Hadoop “ecosystem” The Hadoop ecosystem :- Introduction to Hadoop – Hadoop components: MapReduce/Pig/Hive/HBase – Loading data into Hadoop – Handling files in Hadoop – Getting data from Hadoop, Querying big data with Hive :- Introduction to the SQL Language – From SQL to HiveQL ,Querying big data with Hive :- Introduction to HIVE e HIVEQL – Using Hive to query Hadoop files, Big data & Machine learning – Quick intro to Machine learning – Big Data & Machine Learning :- Machine learning tools – Spark & SparkML ,H2O ,Azure ML, Next steps in the big data world

ICT6028

Mobile Communications

3 Credits

An introduction to ubiquitous communication; Wireless transmission: frequencies for transmission, International Regulations and Regulatory Authorities, signals, antennas, signal propagation, multiplexing, modulation, spread spectrum; Medium access control: SDMA, FDMA, TDMA, CDMA; Radio network planning; Fundamentals of cellular telephony: concept of cellular communications, frequency reuse, cell splitting, registration, terminal authentication, handoff; GSM and GPRS: services, system architecture, radio interface, protocols, handover, security; Next generation mobile telecommunications systems: 2.5G systems (EDGE, TETRA), 3G systems (UMTS, UTRAN), 4G and beyond; Wireless LANS and personal area networks: 802.11, IrDA, Bluetooth, data services: WAP, mobile IP.

ICT6029

e-Commerce and e-Governance

3 Credits

Introduction to e-commerce: Overview, Candidate Models, web Resource; Security and encryption: Computer and Network Security Risks, Digital Certificates, Encryption and PGP, Firewalls, Transaction Security; Electronic Payment Systems: Web based payment system based on credit cards, checking accounts and cash; Business to consumer e-commerce: e-commerce business models, On-line retailing, On-line publishing, On-line customer Service and Support, On-line Banking; Legal Issue Intellectual Property, Copyright, Trademark and patents, Cyber Crime and Money Laundering.

Overview of e-Governance and role of ICT in Good Governance. e-Governance initiatives in Bangladesh and Overseas.

ICT6030

Cyber Security and the Internet of Things

3 Credits

Fundamentals of cryptography, security for communication protocols, security for operating systems and mobile programs, and security for electronic commerce, passwords and offline attacks, DES, RSA, DSA, SHA, SSL, CBC, IPSec, SET, DDOS attacks, biometric authentication, PKI smart cards, S/MIME, privacy on the Web, viruses, security models, wireless security, and sandboxing.

Internet in general and Internet of Things: layers, protocols, packets, services, performance parameters of a packet network as well as applications such as web, Peer-to-peer, sensor networks, and multimedia. Transport services: TCP, UDP, socket programming. Network layer: forwarding & routing algorithms (Link, DV), IP-addresses, DNS, NAT, and routers. Local Area Networks, MAC level, link protocols such as: point-to-point protocols, Ethernet, WiFi 802.11, cellular Internet access, and Machine-to-machine. Mobile Networking: roaming and handoffs, mobile IP, and ad hoc and infrastructure less networks. Real-time networking: soft and real time, quality of service/information, resource reservation and scheduling, and performance measurements. IoT definitions: overview, applications, potential & challenges, and architecture. IoT examples: Case studies, e.g. sensor body-area-network and control of a smart home.

ICT6031

GIS and Remote Sensing

3 Credits

Introduction: What is a GIS? Terminology; Computer Assisted Cartography, Remote Sensing, photogrammetry and Land Information Systems; What is Geographical data? GIS data Capture; GIS displays etc. Spatial Analysis and Cartographic Concepts: Point, lines, areas and surfaces; Nominal, ordinal, interval and ratio attributes; Socio-economic versus resource and physical data, Geo-referencing; Geo-codes etc. Map projection and transformations, properties thereof; Coordinate transformation in 2D and 3D; Fundamentals spatial concepts: distance, orientation, pattern, proximity and connection; The quality of spatial surfaces: including generalization and enhancement, perimeter, area, polygon reclassification and overlaying techniques; The object/Layer debate. Technical Aspect of GIS: Relationship between GIS and other  Information Systems; Data models for spatial data: Arcs, polygons, topological data structures, polygon building; Data capture devices, digitizing and scanning techniques- state of the art; Special environment for GIS; Issues of display, hard v. Virtual, vector v. Raster, data  resolution; Graphics output design issues: Odes of use GIS Interaction; Temporal and 3D representation; Line Generalization; Use and function of the Global Positioning System (GPS) in GIS. The Application of Geographical Information Systems: Who uses them and what for public utilities, resources analysis, urban planning and decision support. Global scale application: international initiatives; global data capture and referencing. The actual use of GIS, map analysis, spatial data searches etc. Cost and benefit of GIS. GIS and Global science. GIS and Spatial Cognition. Knowledge based techniques in GIS.

ICT6000

Project Work and Report

6 Credits

Each student should work on a particular topic approved by the Director of the PGD-in-ICT and under the guidance of a teacher in the field of ICT or Computer Science. The project will be started at the beginning of Term 3 with a time-to-time presentation of its progress in a seminar to be arranged by the Director in consultation with the guiding teachers.

Course Schedule:
Each Term: Classes 14 Weeks, Examination and Results: 2 Weeks 1 Credit theory = 1 Lecture/week; 1 Credit lab = 2 Hours/ Week.

Grading Procedure:
Class attendance-10%, Continuous Assessment through class test-60%, Final Examination- 30% Grades will be calculated as follows: